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	<title>Comments on: Store Carbon as Biochar</title>
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	<link>http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/2008/12/store-carbon-as-biochar/</link>
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		<title>By: Michael Garjian</title>
		<link>http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/2008/12/store-carbon-as-biochar/comment-page-1/#comment-121132</link>
		<dc:creator>Michael Garjian</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2009 19:08:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/?p=3709#comment-121132</guid>
		<description>Not all charcoal is biochar. True biochar is the result of heating biomass in an emission free pyrolysis reactor devoid of oxygen. Biochar has been shown to be a very effective soil amendment in numerous studies in South America and Japan. It is becoming popularized enough in the US that Biochar Xtra is now even being sold on Ebay. Others are using the bio-oils derived from biochar 
production to replace fossil fuels. Some folks are alarmed at the possibility of vast tracts of land being denuded to produce biochar. This is not a valid concern because, due to its very low density of from 20 to 35 pounds per cubic foot, the transport of biochar over long distances is not economically feasible.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Not all charcoal is biochar. True biochar is the result of heating biomass in an emission free pyrolysis reactor devoid of oxygen. Biochar has been shown to be a very effective soil amendment in numerous studies in South America and Japan. It is becoming popularized enough in the US that Biochar Xtra is now even being sold on Ebay. Others are using the bio-oils derived from biochar<br />
production to replace fossil fuels. Some folks are alarmed at the possibility of vast tracts of land being denuded to produce biochar. This is not a valid concern because, due to its very low density of from 20 to 35 pounds per cubic foot, the transport of biochar over long distances is not economically feasible.</p>
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		<title>By: Emergent Ventures India</title>
		<link>http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/2008/12/store-carbon-as-biochar/comment-page-1/#comment-86565</link>
		<dc:creator>Emergent Ventures India</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 28 Feb 2009 07:11:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/?p=3709#comment-86565</guid>
		<description>This is an interesting story. Thanks for sharing this one. Now this time Carbon Pollution becomes a big factor. There is however one good thing to say about this and geo-engineering both. And that’s simply to say that if the liars turned out to be right, which they won’t, but if they did, which isn’t going to happen but should it happen just the same, which is impossible but for arguments sakes lets suppose it were possible.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is an interesting story. Thanks for sharing this one. Now this time Carbon Pollution becomes a big factor. There is however one good thing to say about this and geo-engineering both. And that’s simply to say that if the liars turned out to be right, which they won’t, but if they did, which isn’t going to happen but should it happen just the same, which is impossible but for arguments sakes lets suppose it were possible.</p>
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		<title>By: Mimi</title>
		<link>http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/2008/12/store-carbon-as-biochar/comment-page-1/#comment-85591</link>
		<dc:creator>Mimi</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2009 12:36:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/?p=3709#comment-85591</guid>
		<description>an interesting alternative view I just received, let us know your comments on the issues it raises:
http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/docs/biocharbriefing.pdf</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>an interesting alternative view I just received, let us know your comments on the issues it raises:<br />
<a href="http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/docs/biocharbriefing.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/docs/biocharbriefing.pdf</a></p>
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		<title>By: Australia - Page 54 - Science Forums</title>
		<link>http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/2008/12/store-carbon-as-biochar/comment-page-1/#comment-78654</link>
		<dc:creator>Australia - Page 54 - Science Forums</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Jan 2009 13:37:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/?p=3709#comment-78654</guid>
		<description>[...]      Re: Australia     Project Rainbow Bee Eater Jennifer Marohasy Store Carbon as Biochar   [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...]      Re: Australia     Project Rainbow Bee Eater Jennifer Marohasy Store Carbon as Biochar   [...]</p>
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		<title>By: michael angel</title>
		<link>http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/2008/12/store-carbon-as-biochar/comment-page-1/#comment-77542</link>
		<dc:creator>michael angel</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Jan 2009 05:11:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/?p=3709#comment-77542</guid>
		<description>PS
I forgot
This is an interesting article on the whole deal from last weeks AFR
http://www.afr.com/home/viewer.aspx?EDP://20081230000030687165&amp;section=industry-energy_utilities&amp;title=A+perfect+green+solution+-+in+theory</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>PS<br />
I forgot<br />
This is an interesting article on the whole deal from last weeks AFR<br />
<a href="http://www.afr.com/home/viewer.aspx?EDP://20081230000030687165&amp;section=industry-energy_utilities&amp;title=A+perfect+green+solution+-+in+theory" rel="nofollow">http://www.afr.com/home/viewer.aspx?EDP://20081230000030687165&amp;section=industry-energy_utilities&amp;title=A+perfect+green+solution+-+in+theory</a></p>
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		<title>By: erich j. knight</title>
		<link>http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/2008/12/store-carbon-as-biochar/comment-page-1/#comment-76139</link>
		<dc:creator>erich j. knight</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Dec 2008 05:14:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/?p=3709#comment-76139</guid>
		<description>I wanted to brief you on Biochar (charcoal) for Carbon soil sequestration.

 I thought these updates and endorsements may interest you,

Sen. Ken Salazar has done the most to nurse this biofuels system in his Biochar provisions in the 07 &amp; 08 farm bill,
http://www.biochar-international.org/newinformationevents/newlegislation.html

Below are my current news &amp; Links to major developments;


Cheers,
Erich J. Knight
 540 289 9750

At USDA Dr.Jeffrey Novak is coordinating Biochar research.
 I&#039;ve had productive contacts with Douglas Lawrence, director NSCS &amp; Farm bill coordinator, and through him, David Douds with ARS for  MYC &amp; VAM Fungi research, and Chris Nichols ARS glomalin research.

My other most successful  efforts to date are continuing briefings to Michael Pollan (Food Column NYTs &amp; author) over the last year.
 In a recent National Public Radio interview, Michael Pollan talks about how he was approached by a Democratic party staffer about his New York Times article,  The &quot;Farmer &amp; Chief&quot; article is an open letter to the next president concerning U.S. agriculture/energy policy. The staffer wanted Pollan to summarize the article into a page or two to get it into the hands of Barack Obama. Pollan declined, saying that if he could have said everything that needed to be said in two pages, he wouldn&#039;t have written 8000 words.
Michael Pollan is well briefed and excited about Biochar technology, but did not include it in his  &quot;Farmer &amp; Chief&quot; article to President Obama, (Which he did read &amp; cited in a speech) but I&#039;m sure Biochar will be his 8001th word to him.


Changing World Technologies

Ultimately we must leave the combustion age behind. Charcoal to the soil is a bridging first step as other energy conversion technologies bloom from Nano and bio research . Thankfully we can do Terra Preta (TP) soil with off the shelf technology now.

Oil companies must come to see the overwhelming value of their fossil carbon as the best feedstock for the manufacture ( via carbon nanotubes, fullerines, DNA programed nano self assembly,  etc.) of virtually all things in the near future.

This convergences of different technologies will end the Combustion age.

TP starts as a soil nano technology with increased CEC, than a micro technology with our wee- beasties / fungus, and macro with bugs and worms.

Biochar, the modern version of an ancient Amazonian agricultural practice called Terra Preta (black earth), is gaining widespread credibility as a way to address world hunger, climate change, rural poverty, deforestation, and energy shortages… SIMULTANEOUSLY!

Modern Pyrolysis of biomass is a process for Carbon Negative Bio fuels, massive Carbon sequestration,10X Lower Methane &amp; N2O soil emissions, and 3X Fertility Too.
Every 1 ton of Biomass yields 1/3 ton Charcoal for soil Sequestration, Bio-Gas &amp; Bio-oil fuels, so is a totally virtuous, carbon negative energy cycle.

Charles Mann (&quot;1491&quot;) in the Sept. National Geographic has a wonderful soils article which places Terra Preta / Biochar soils center stage.

Please put this (soil) bug in your colleague&#039;s ears. These issues need to gain traction among all the various disciplines who have an iron in this fire.

The NGM cover reads &quot;WHERE FOOD BEGINS&quot;
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/09/soil/mann-text


It&#039;s what Mann hasn&#039;t covered that I thought should interest you and Sen. Salazar;

NASA&#039;s Dr. James Hansen Global warming solutions paper and letter to the G-8 conference, placing Biochar / Land management the central technology for carbon negative energy systems.
http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0804/0804.1126.pdf

The many new university programs &amp; field studies, in temperate soils; Cornell, ISU, U of H, U of GA, Virginia Tech, JMU, New Zealand, Germany and Australia.

Biochar data base;
http://terrapreta.bioenergylists.org/?q=node

Glomalin&#039;s role in soil tilth, fertility &amp; basis for the soil food web in Terra Preta soils.

POZNAN, Poland, December 10, 2008 - The International Biochar Initiative (IBI) announces that the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) has submitted a proposal to include biochar as a mitigation and adaptation technology to be considered in the post-2012-Copenhagen agenda of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). A copy of the proposal is posted on the IBI website at
The International Biochar Initiative (IBI).


Given the current &quot;Crisis&quot; atmosphere concerning energy, soil sustainability, food vs. Biofuels, and Climate Change what other subject addresses them all?

This is a Nano technology for the soil that represents the most comprehensive, low cost, and productive approach to long term stewardship and sustainability.

Carbon to the Soil, the only ubiquitous and economic place to put it.

If pre-Colombian Kayopo Indians could produce these soils up to 6 feet deep over 15% of the Amazon basin using &quot;Slash &amp; CHAR&quot; verses  &quot;Slash &amp; Burn&quot;, it seems that our energy and agricultural industries could also product them at scale.
 
Harnessing the work of this vast number of microbes and fungi changes the whole equation of energy return over energy input (EROEI) for food and Bio fuels. I see this as the only sustainable agricultural strategy if we no longer have cheap fossil fuels for fertilizer.
 
We need this super community of wee-beasties to work in concert with us by populating them into their proper Soil horizon Carbon Condos.
 
 
Erich J. Knight
Shenandoah Gardens
1047 Dave Berry Rd.
McGaheysville, VA. 22840
(540) 289-9750
shengar@aol.com</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I wanted to brief you on Biochar (charcoal) for Carbon soil sequestration.</p>
<p> I thought these updates and endorsements may interest you,</p>
<p>Sen. Ken Salazar has done the most to nurse this biofuels system in his Biochar provisions in the 07 &amp; 08 farm bill,<br />
<a href="http://www.biochar-international.org/newinformationevents/newlegislation.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.biochar-international.org/newinformationevents/newlegislation.html</a></p>
<p>Below are my current news &amp; Links to major developments;</p>
<p>Cheers,<br />
Erich J. Knight<br />
 540 289 9750</p>
<p>At USDA Dr.Jeffrey Novak is coordinating Biochar research.<br />
 I&#8217;ve had productive contacts with Douglas Lawrence, director NSCS &amp; Farm bill coordinator, and through him, David Douds with ARS for  MYC &amp; VAM Fungi research, and Chris Nichols ARS glomalin research.</p>
<p>My other most successful  efforts to date are continuing briefings to Michael Pollan (Food Column NYTs &amp; author) over the last year.<br />
 In a recent National Public Radio interview, Michael Pollan talks about how he was approached by a Democratic party staffer about his New York Times article,  The &#8220;Farmer &amp; Chief&#8221; article is an open letter to the next president concerning U.S. agriculture/energy policy. The staffer wanted Pollan to summarize the article into a page or two to get it into the hands of Barack Obama. Pollan declined, saying that if he could have said everything that needed to be said in two pages, he wouldn&#8217;t have written 8000 words.<br />
Michael Pollan is well briefed and excited about Biochar technology, but did not include it in his  &#8220;Farmer &amp; Chief&#8221; article to President Obama, (Which he did read &amp; cited in a speech) but I&#8217;m sure Biochar will be his 8001th word to him.</p>
<p>Changing World Technologies</p>
<p>Ultimately we must leave the combustion age behind. Charcoal to the soil is a bridging first step as other energy conversion technologies bloom from Nano and bio research . Thankfully we can do Terra Preta (TP) soil with off the shelf technology now.</p>
<p>Oil companies must come to see the overwhelming value of their fossil carbon as the best feedstock for the manufacture ( via carbon nanotubes, fullerines, DNA programed nano self assembly,  etc.) of virtually all things in the near future.</p>
<p>This convergences of different technologies will end the Combustion age.</p>
<p>TP starts as a soil nano technology with increased CEC, than a micro technology with our wee- beasties / fungus, and macro with bugs and worms.</p>
<p>Biochar, the modern version of an ancient Amazonian agricultural practice called Terra Preta (black earth), is gaining widespread credibility as a way to address world hunger, climate change, rural poverty, deforestation, and energy shortages… SIMULTANEOUSLY!</p>
<p>Modern Pyrolysis of biomass is a process for Carbon Negative Bio fuels, massive Carbon sequestration,10X Lower Methane &amp; N2O soil emissions, and 3X Fertility Too.<br />
Every 1 ton of Biomass yields 1/3 ton Charcoal for soil Sequestration, Bio-Gas &amp; Bio-oil fuels, so is a totally virtuous, carbon negative energy cycle.</p>
<p>Charles Mann (&#8221;1491&#8243;) in the Sept. National Geographic has a wonderful soils article which places Terra Preta / Biochar soils center stage.</p>
<p>Please put this (soil) bug in your colleague&#8217;s ears. These issues need to gain traction among all the various disciplines who have an iron in this fire.</p>
<p>The NGM cover reads &#8220;WHERE FOOD BEGINS&#8221;<br />
<a href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/09/soil/mann-text" rel="nofollow">http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/09/soil/mann-text</a></p>
<p>It&#8217;s what Mann hasn&#8217;t covered that I thought should interest you and Sen. Salazar;</p>
<p>NASA&#8217;s Dr. James Hansen Global warming solutions paper and letter to the G-8 conference, placing Biochar / Land management the central technology for carbon negative energy systems.<br />
<a href="http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0804/0804.1126.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0804/0804.1126.pdf</a></p>
<p>The many new university programs &amp; field studies, in temperate soils; Cornell, ISU, U of H, U of GA, Virginia Tech, JMU, New Zealand, Germany and Australia.</p>
<p>Biochar data base;<br />
<a href="http://terrapreta.bioenergylists.org/?q=node" rel="nofollow">http://terrapreta.bioenergylists.org/?q=node</a></p>
<p>Glomalin&#8217;s role in soil tilth, fertility &amp; basis for the soil food web in Terra Preta soils.</p>
<p>POZNAN, Poland, December 10, 2008 &#8211; The International Biochar Initiative (IBI) announces that the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) has submitted a proposal to include biochar as a mitigation and adaptation technology to be considered in the post-2012-Copenhagen agenda of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). A copy of the proposal is posted on the IBI website at<br />
The International Biochar Initiative (IBI).</p>
<p>Given the current &#8220;Crisis&#8221; atmosphere concerning energy, soil sustainability, food vs. Biofuels, and Climate Change what other subject addresses them all?</p>
<p>This is a Nano technology for the soil that represents the most comprehensive, low cost, and productive approach to long term stewardship and sustainability.</p>
<p>Carbon to the Soil, the only ubiquitous and economic place to put it.</p>
<p>If pre-Colombian Kayopo Indians could produce these soils up to 6 feet deep over 15% of the Amazon basin using &#8220;Slash &amp; CHAR&#8221; verses  &#8220;Slash &amp; Burn&#8221;, it seems that our energy and agricultural industries could also product them at scale.</p>
<p>Harnessing the work of this vast number of microbes and fungi changes the whole equation of energy return over energy input (EROEI) for food and Bio fuels. I see this as the only sustainable agricultural strategy if we no longer have cheap fossil fuels for fertilizer.</p>
<p>We need this super community of wee-beasties to work in concert with us by populating them into their proper Soil horizon Carbon Condos.</p>
<p>Erich J. Knight<br />
Shenandoah Gardens<br />
1047 Dave Berry Rd.<br />
McGaheysville, VA. 22840<br />
(540) 289-9750<br />
<a href="mailto:shengar@aol.com">shengar@aol.com</a></p>
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		<title>By: J.Hansford.</title>
		<link>http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/2008/12/store-carbon-as-biochar/comment-page-1/#comment-75949</link>
		<dc:creator>J.Hansford.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2008 01:08:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/?p=3709#comment-75949</guid>
		<description>Why bother though.... Carbon Dioxide is neither a pollutant nor a problem. It would be a waste of money and resources. 

     We should be using our advantage of having vast quantities of Coal to cheaply power more industry.... Value add our raw resources with a bigger manufacturing base.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Why bother though&#8230;. Carbon Dioxide is neither a pollutant nor a problem. It would be a waste of money and resources. </p>
<p>     We should be using our advantage of having vast quantities of Coal to cheaply power more industry&#8230;. Value add our raw resources with a bigger manufacturing base.</p>
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		<title>By: Graeme Bird</title>
		<link>http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/2008/12/store-carbon-as-biochar/comment-page-1/#comment-75935</link>
		<dc:creator>Graeme Bird</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2008 23:27:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/?p=3709#comment-75935</guid>
		<description>But there is no reason to do this in the first place? So unless this is a groovy and cheap way of enriching the soil it cannot be considered. And the most we can allow for it is a tax exemption at best.

We have to concentrate and getting these latter-day Ur Gellers&#039; sacked.

There is however one good thing to say about this and geo-engineering both. And thats simply to say that if the liars turned out to be right, which they won&#039;t, but if they did, which isn&#039;t going to happen but should it happen just the same, which is impossible but for arguments sakes lets suppose it were possible........

WELL IT WOULD BE BLOODY EASY TO DEAL WITH EVEN SO!!!!!

Thats the other thing which is just so unacceptable about the fact that these clowns are taken seriously. And thats because there is very little that can be done about a cooling planet. Very little that is cost-effective. But there is very cheap and easy ways to deal with a planet on its way to getting too warm.

Don&#039;t be supporting this clever idea beyond tax exemptions. We have to stay focused at getting the frauds fired.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>But there is no reason to do this in the first place? So unless this is a groovy and cheap way of enriching the soil it cannot be considered. And the most we can allow for it is a tax exemption at best.</p>
<p>We have to concentrate and getting these latter-day Ur Gellers&#8217; sacked.</p>
<p>There is however one good thing to say about this and geo-engineering both. And thats simply to say that if the liars turned out to be right, which they won&#8217;t, but if they did, which isn&#8217;t going to happen but should it happen just the same, which is impossible but for arguments sakes lets suppose it were possible&#8230;&#8230;..</p>
<p>WELL IT WOULD BE BLOODY EASY TO DEAL WITH EVEN SO!!!!!</p>
<p>Thats the other thing which is just so unacceptable about the fact that these clowns are taken seriously. And thats because there is very little that can be done about a cooling planet. Very little that is cost-effective. But there is very cheap and easy ways to deal with a planet on its way to getting too warm.</p>
<p>Don&#8217;t be supporting this clever idea beyond tax exemptions. We have to stay focused at getting the frauds fired.</p>
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		<title>By: Neville</title>
		<link>http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/2008/12/store-carbon-as-biochar/comment-page-1/#comment-75927</link>
		<dc:creator>Neville</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2008 22:12:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/?p=3709#comment-75927</guid>
		<description>This seems like a good idea for all concerned. The extraction of biochar plus oil and gas by the pyrolysis system could be achieved at a large centrally located plant or local farmers operating small plants or a mobile plant on the back of a truck.
After the oil and gas are extracted the leftover biochar can be spread with a normal fertilizer spreader used by most farmers at the present time.
I think biochar is just another form of black carbon that is safely stored in soil for thousands of years.
It certainly helps small farmers in poor countries produce better crops and avoids the slash and burn system so wasteful of new land that was taken from a pristine jungle envirnoment.
Let&#039;s hope the WA experiment works well, new technology will be the answer I&#039;m sure.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This seems like a good idea for all concerned. The extraction of biochar plus oil and gas by the pyrolysis system could be achieved at a large centrally located plant or local farmers operating small plants or a mobile plant on the back of a truck.<br />
After the oil and gas are extracted the leftover biochar can be spread with a normal fertilizer spreader used by most farmers at the present time.<br />
I think biochar is just another form of black carbon that is safely stored in soil for thousands of years.<br />
It certainly helps small farmers in poor countries produce better crops and avoids the slash and burn system so wasteful of new land that was taken from a pristine jungle envirnoment.<br />
Let&#8217;s hope the WA experiment works well, new technology will be the answer I&#8217;m sure.</p>
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		<title>By: janama</title>
		<link>http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/2008/12/store-carbon-as-biochar/comment-page-1/#comment-75918</link>
		<dc:creator>janama</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2008 20:38:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jennifermarohasy.com/blog/?p=3709#comment-75918</guid>
		<description>This is an interesting story but the bio char aspect is only part of it. 

I saw a doco on this amazonian soil a few years ago on SBS. The soil was alive. i.e. the soil was around 2 ft deep and would grow anything. If you removed all but 6&quot; of the soil it would grow and 10 years later be 2ft deep again even though it was sitting on clay soil. The charcoal was only one ingredient that gave the soil it&#039;s amazing qualities yet it&#039;s the only aspect that has been publicised.  I&#039;d really like to know what the other ingredients were that created a living soil, I assume it&#039;s a bacterial process.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is an interesting story but the bio char aspect is only part of it. </p>
<p>I saw a doco on this amazonian soil a few years ago on SBS. The soil was alive. i.e. the soil was around 2 ft deep and would grow anything. If you removed all but 6&#8243; of the soil it would grow and 10 years later be 2ft deep again even though it was sitting on clay soil. The charcoal was only one ingredient that gave the soil it&#8217;s amazing qualities yet it&#8217;s the only aspect that has been publicised.  I&#8217;d really like to know what the other ingredients were that created a living soil, I assume it&#8217;s a bacterial process.</p>
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